Mauritania: Wave of Repression Targets Anti-Slavery Activists and Haratin Community

May 23, 2025

Version française ci-dessous 

UNPO Member IRA-Mauritania Faces Heightened Persecution Amid Widening Crackdown on Civil Liberties

Nouakchott, Mauritania – May 2025

The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) is deeply alarmed by an escalating campaign of repression in Mauritania targeting anti-slavery activists and the Haratin community. The latest wave of arbitrary arrests, violent crackdowns on peaceful protests, and judicial harassment represents a dangerous regression in human rights protections, particularly for the country’s most marginalized population.

The Haratin, who make up over half of Mauritania’s population, are the descendants of formerly enslaved people and continue to suffer severe social, political, and economic exclusion. Although slavery was officially abolished in 1981 and criminalized in 2007, the Haratin face systemic discrimination, from limited access to education and employment to de facto political disenfranchisement.

The Initiative for the Resurgence of the Abolitionist Movement (IRA-Mauritania), a member of the UNPO since 2011, has been at the forefront of the struggle against slavery and racial discrimination in Mauritania. For over a decade, the UNPO has worked in close partnership with IRA to bring international attention to the plight of the Haratin and to advocate for their rights on regional and global platforms.

On 20 May 2025, security forces violently dispersed a peaceful protest organized by IRA in the Teyarett district of Nouakchott. The sit-in aimed to support Fatma Mint Badi and her sisters, who had legally acquired property but were facing unlawful expropriation allegedly led by a senior officer of the gendarmerie.

According to eyewitnesses, the intervention, led by Commissioner Ahmed Ould Ahmednah, resulted in multiple arrests. Member of Parliament Gamou Achour was reportedly beaten unconscious, while several female protesters were physically assaulted and forcibly stripped in public, acts that constitute gross violations of human dignity and international law.

The repression in Teyarett is part of a broader pattern of politically motivated arrests that has intensified since April 2025. Among those detained are:

  • Warda Ahmed Souleymane, journalist and IRA communications officer, imprisoned for denouncing defamatory attacks against the movement.
  • Mohamed Samba Meyssara, a local elected official, was arrested after exposing the state’s withholding of 450,000 ID cards, mostly affecting Haratin citizens.
  • Mohamed Lemine Amar Salah, sentenced to one year in prison after challenging the enforcement of a slavery conviction in court.
  • Ablaye Ba, head of IRA’s immigration commission, was detained after advocating for the humane treatment of migrants.

These actions not only aim to silence dissent but also threaten the broader space for civil society and human rights advocacy in Mauritania.

Mauritania is a signatory to several key human rights treaties, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. The UNPO believes that recent events constitute clear violations of these commitments and call into question the Mauritanian government’s stated dedication to reform and inclusion.

UNPO Calls for Immediate Action

In response to these developments, the UNPO urges the Government of Mauritania to:

  1. Protect civil liberties, including freedom of expression, assembly, and association for all citizens.
  2. Launch independent investigations into reported abuses and hold perpetrators accountable.
  3. Implement anti-slavery laws fully and ensure reparations for victims.
  4. Advance social and political inclusion for the Haratin community through targeted, systemic reforms.

The UNPO calls upon international partners, regional institutions, and human rights defenders to closely monitor the situation in Mauritania and engage with the authorities to halt ongoing repression. The immediate and unconditional release of unjustly detained IRA activists is not only a moral imperative, it is a necessary step toward restoring faith in the rule of law.

Mauritania stands at a pivotal crossroads. Without urgent action to protect those who peacefully defend freedom and dignity, the country risks sliding further into authoritarianism. The UNPO remains steadfast in its support for IRA-Mauritania and for the fundamental rights of the Haratin people.


 

Version française:

L’IRA-Mauritanie, membre de l’UNPO, fait face à une persécution croissante dans un contexte de régression inquiétante des libertés fondamentales

Nouakchott, Mauritanie – Mai 2025

L’Organisation des Nations et des Peuples Non Représentés (UNPO) exprime sa profonde inquiétude face à une campagne de répression grandissante en Mauritanie, visant les militants anti-esclavagistes et les membres de la communauté haratine. La récente série d’arrestations arbitraires, de répressions violentes de manifestations pacifiques et de harcèlement judiciaire reflète un recul grave en matière de protection des droits humains, en particulier pour la population la plus marginalisée du pays.

Les Haratines, qui représentent plus de la moitié de la population mauritanienne, sont les descendants d’esclaves affranchis et continuent de subir une exclusion sociale, économique et politique structurelle. Bien que l’esclavage ait été officiellement aboli en 1981 et criminalisé en 2007, ses séquelles demeurent : accès limité à l’éducation et à l’emploi, quasi-absence de représentation politique, et persistance de pratiques assimilables à la servitude.

L’Initiative pour la Résurgence du Mouvement Abolitionniste (IRA-Mauritanie), membre de l’UNPO depuis le 18 septembre 2011, est à l’avant-garde de la lutte contre l’esclavage et la discrimination raciale en Mauritanie. Depuis plus d’une décennie, l’UNPO soutient activement l’IRA dans ses efforts pour attirer l’attention internationale sur les violations subies par les Haratines et faire avancer leurs droits fondamentaux.

Le 20 mai 2025, les forces de l’ordre ont violemment dispersé un sit-in pacifique organisé par l’IRA dans le quartier de Teyarett à Nouakchott. La manifestation visait à soutenir Madame Fatma Mint Badi et ses sœurs, privées de terrains légalement acquis en 2020 et menacées d’expropriation par un officier supérieur de la gendarmerie.

D’après les témoignages, l’intervention, dirigée par le commissaire Ahmed Ould Ahmednah, a conduit à plusieurs arrestations. La députée Gamou Achour a été violemment agressée au point de perdre connaissance. Plusieurs femmes militantes ont été battues, humiliées, et certaines déshabillées de force en public — des actes qui constituent de graves violations de la dignité humaine et du droit international.

Cette répression s’inscrit dans un contexte plus large d’arrestations politiques ciblées, qui s’est intensifié depuis avril 2025. Parmi les personnes détenues :

  • Warda Ahmed Souleymane, journaliste et membre de la commission communication de l’IRA, emprisonnée pour avoir dénoncé des propos diffamatoires contre le mouvement.
  • Mohamed Samba Meyssara, élu local, arrêté après avoir révélé que 450 000 cartes d’identité – appartenant majoritairement à des citoyens haratines – étaient retenues par les autorités.
  • Mohamed Lemine Amar Salah, coordinateur de l’IRA à Boutilimit, condamné à un an de prison pour avoir contesté verbalement l’exécution d’un jugement dans une affaire d’esclavage.
  • Ablaye Ba, responsable de la commission immigration de l’IRA, arrêté après avoir plaidé pour un traitement plus humain des migrants.

Ces arrestations témoignent d’une volonté délibérée de museler les voix dissidentes et de décourager la défense pacifique des droits fondamentaux.

La Mauritanie est signataire de plusieurs instruments internationaux clés, dont le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques et la Convention internationale sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale. L’UNPO considère que les récents événements constituent une violation directe de ces engagements.

L’UNPO appelle à une action urgente

Face à cette situation alarmante, l’UNPO appelle les autorités mauritaniennes à :

    1. Protéger les libertés fondamentales, notamment les droits à la liberté d’expression, de réunion pacifique et d’association.
    2. Mener des enquêtes indépendantes sur les violences policières signalées et les détentions arbitraires, et sanctionner les responsables.
    3. Appliquer rigoureusement les lois anti-esclavagistes et assurer une réparation effective pour les victimes.
    4. Favoriser l’inclusion sociale et politique des Haratines à travers des réformes structurelles et des politiques de justice sociale.

L’UNPO appelle ses partenaires internationaux, les institutions régionales et les défenseurs des droits humains à suivre de près l’évolution de la situation en Mauritanie et à engager un dialogue diplomatique ferme avec les autorités nationales. La libération immédiate et inconditionnelle de tous les militants injustement détenus est une priorité absolue, tout comme l’arrêt des pratiques répressives à l’encontre des Haratines.

Dernier pays au monde à avoir aboli l’esclavage, la Mauritanie se trouve aujourd’hui à un carrefour décisif. Sans action politique concrète pour mettre fin à l’impunité et garantir les droits de tous ses citoyens, y compris ceux issus des communautés opprimées, elle ne pourra prétendre à une démocratie authentique.

 

Cover picture ©WitnessImage – Luca Catalano

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