Anti-Slavery Leader Biram Dah Abeid and His Wife Leïla Hmaida Among Those Injured as Police Violently Disperse Peaceful Rally in Nouakchott

On 1 July 2026, Mauritanian security forces violently dispersed a peaceful gathering outside the Nouakchott-West Court, injuring anti-slavery activist and Member of Parliament Biram Dah Abeid, President of the Initiative for the Resurgence of the Abolitionist Movement (IRA-Mauritania); his wife and fellow anti-slavery activist Leïla Hmaida; and numerous other participants. (Traduction française ci-dessous)

The gathering had been held in solidarity with opposition Members of Parliament Mariem Cheikh Samba Dieng and Ghamou Salem Achour, who were brought before the court that day. Both lawmakers, who are aligned with IRA and its anti-slavery advocacy, were prosecuted over social media posts criticising President Mohamed Ould Cheikh El Ghazouani and denouncing racial discrimination against the Haratine and Black Mauritanians, and were charged with offences including “attacking the symbols of the state” and calling for unauthorised gatherings. On 4 May 2026 they were sentenced to four years in prison, in a case that has drawn sustained criticism from the opposition and human rights organisations. Both women remain detained (Mariem Cheikh Samba Dieng together with her infant son) alongside other activists whose release the demonstrators were demanding, among them the journalist Warda Ahmed Souleymane, the whistleblowers Rachida Saleck and Lalla Vatma, and four abolitionist defenders. Participants called for the release of the detained lawmakers and other prisoners, chanting slogans including “Free the two members of parliament and the other prisoners” and “No to injustice.”

IRA-Mauritania, a UNPO member, and the wider abolitionist movement draw much of their support from Mauritania’s Haratine community, which forms a majority of the population yet remains marginalised and disproportionately affected by descent-based slavery. Slavery persists in the country despite having been formally abolished and criminalised, and Mauritania continues to record among the highest prevalence of the practice in the world. According to IRA, police first prevented citizens and supporters from entering the courtroom, in breach of the principle of public hearings, before moving against those assembled outside. IRA reports that at around 1:00 p.m., while Biram Dah Abeid was addressing the demonstrators, security forces launched a sudden assault from all directions, firing tear gas and stun grenades and beating participants with batons.

IRA states that Biram Dah Abeid and Leïla Hmaida were deliberately targeted by the officers leading the operation. According to the organisation, Leïla Hmaida was thrown to the ground repeatedly, kicked and struck with batons, and an assailant attempted to spray a liquid into her face, which was partly deflected by her glasses. A chemical substance of an unidentified nature was sprayed directly into Biram Dah Abeid’s eyes, after which he lost consciousness. IRA says that activists who formed protective cordons around the couple and carried the injured to safety were themselves beaten, and that officers obstructed attempts to evacuate the wounded to hospital.

Biram Dah Abeid, Leïla Hmaida and several other injured people were transferred to the National Hospital Centre and to the traumatology hospital. According to IRA, although they reached the hospital at approximately 1:20 p.m., they did not receive first aid until around 3:30 p.m., and medical teams declined both to administer essential early care and to take the measures needed to identify the substance used. IRA has described this delay as an attempt to conceal evidence and secure impunity for those responsible. Sources close to the movement report that the hospital was staffed only by trainees unwilling to take responsibility for the patients, and that adequate care was effectively unavailable.

The latest information received indicates that Biram Dah Abeid has since been discharged and is recovering at home, able to move, walk and speak, with his condition improving. Leïla Hmaida is reported to remain in considerable pain after being trampled during the assault, with difficulty sitting and standing.

Biram Dah Abeid, Leïla Hmaida and IRA have described the attack as an attempt on Mr Dah Abeid’s life, and have indicated that they intend to seek legal counsel and to file complaints before the competent courts. The assault follows months of documented warnings: earlier in 2026, IRA issued an alert highlighting death threats and other intimidation directed at Mr Dah Abeid, and international organisations including the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights publicly cautioned that such threats placed an elected member of parliament at grave risk. IRA views the assault and its consequences as an escalation of repression against the political opposition and human rights defenders, in violation of the rights to peaceful assembly, to physical integrity, and to a public trial.

UNPO condemns in the strongest terms the brutal use of force against peaceful demonstrators, an elected member of parliament and his wife, and calls on the Mauritanian authorities to ensure that all those injured receive immediate and adequate medical care and that their physical integrity is guaranteed; to open a prompt, independent and impartial investigation into the assault, including the identification of the substance used and the conduct of the officers involved, and to hold those responsible to account; and to uphold the rights to peaceful assembly, to physical integrity, and to public judicial proceedings. UNPO further calls on national and international human rights organisations to follow the situation closely and to consider deploying fact-finding missions, as urged by IRA.

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Le leader antiesclavagiste Biram Dah Abeid et son épouse Leïla Hmaida parmi les blessés lors de la dispersion violente d’un rassemblement pacifique par la police à Nouakchott

Le 1er juillet 2026, les forces de sécurité mauritaniennes ont violemment dispersé un rassemblement pacifique organisé devant le tribunal de Nouakchott-Ouest, blessant le militant antiesclavagiste et député Biram Dah Abeid, président de l’Initiative pour la résurgence du mouvement abolitionniste (IRA-Mauritanie), son épouse et militante antiesclavagiste Leïla Hmaida, ainsi que de nombreux autres participants.

Le rassemblement avait été organisé en solidarité avec les députées de l’opposition Mariem Cheikh Samba Dieng et Ghamou Salem Achour, qui comparaissent ce jour-là devant le tribunal. Toutes deux, proches de l’IRA et engagées dans la lutte contre l’esclavage, étaient poursuivies pour des publications sur les réseaux sociaux critiquant le président Mohamed Ould Cheikh El Ghazouani et dénonçant les discriminations raciales à l’encontre des Haratines et des Mauritaniens noirs. Elles avaient notamment été inculpées pour “atteinte aux symboles de l’État” et “appel à des rassemblements non autorisés”. Le 4 mai 2026, elles ont été condamnées à quatre ans de prison dans une affaire qui a suscité de vives critiques de la part de l’opposition et des organisations de défense des droits humains. Les deux élues demeurent détenues (Mariem Cheikh Samba Dieng avec son fils en bas âge) aux côtés d’autres militants dont les manifestants réclamaient la libération, parmi lesquels la journaliste Warda Ahmed Souleymane, les lanceuses d’alerte Rachida Saleck et Lalla Vatma, ainsi que quatre défenseurs abolitionnistes. Les participants ont réclamé la libération des députées emprisonnées et des autres détenus, scandant notamment: “Libérez les deux députées et les autres prisonniers” et “Non à l’injustice”.

L’IRA-Mauritanie, membre de l’UNPO, et le mouvement abolitionniste dans son ensemble tirent une grande partie de leur soutien de la communauté haratine de Mauritanie, qui constitue la majorité de la population tout en demeurant marginalisée et particulièrement touchée par l’esclavage fondé sur l’ascendance. Bien que l’esclavage ait été officiellement aboli et érigé en infraction pénale, cette pratique persiste dans le pays, qui continue d’afficher l’un des taux de prévalence les plus élevés au monde.

Selon l’IRA, la police a d’abord empêché les citoyens et les sympathisants d’accéder à la salle d’audience, en violation du principe de la publicité des débats judiciaires, avant de s’en prendre aux personnes rassemblées à l’extérieur. L’organisation rapporte que, vers 13 heures, alors que Biram Dah Abeid s’adressait aux manifestants, les forces de sécurité ont lancé une attaque soudaine de toutes parts, faisant usage de gaz lacrymogènes et de grenades assourdissantes, tout en frappant les participants à coups de matraque.

L’IRA affirme que Biram Dah Abeid et Leïla Hmaida ont été délibérément pris pour cible par les agents dirigeant l’opération. Selon l’organisation, Leïla Hmaida a été projetée à plusieurs reprises au sol, frappée à coups de pied et de matraque, tandis qu’un assaillant a tenté de lui pulvériser un liquide au visage, dont les effets ont été partiellement atténués par ses lunettes. Une substance chimique de nature inconnue a également été pulvérisée directement dans les yeux de Biram Dah Abeid, qui a ensuite perdu connaissance. L’IRA indique que les militants ayant formé des cordons de protection autour du couple et transporté les blessés vers un lieu sûr ont eux aussi été frappés, et que les forces de l’ordre ont entravé les tentatives d’évacuation des blessés vers les hôpitaux.

Biram Dah Abeid, Leïla Hmaida et plusieurs autres blessés ont été transférés au Centre hospitalier national ainsi qu’à l’hôpital de traumatologie. Selon l’IRA, bien qu’ils soient arrivés à l’hôpital vers 13h20, ils n’ont reçu les premiers soins qu’aux alentours de 15h30. Les équipes médicales auraient refusé d’administrer les soins d’urgence nécessaires et de prendre les mesures permettant d’identifier la substance utilisée. L’IRA considère ce retard comme une tentative de dissimuler des preuves et de garantir l’impunité des responsables. Des sources proches du mouvement indiquent que l’hôpital n’était alors pris en charge que par des médecins stagiaires refusant d’assumer la responsabilité des patients, de sorte que des soins appropriés étaient de fait indisponibles.

Les dernières informations reçues indiquent que Biram Dah Abeid a depuis quitté l’hôpital et poursuit sa convalescence à son domicile. Il est désormais capable de se déplacer, de marcher et de parler, son état étant en voie d’amélioration. Leïla Hmaida souffrirait toutefois toujours de douleurs importantes après avoir été piétinée lors de l’agression, éprouvant des difficultés à s’asseoir comme à se tenir debout.

Biram Dah Abeid, Leïla Hmaida et l’IRA ont qualifié cette attaque de tentative d’assassinat contre M. Dah Abeid et ont indiqué leur intention de saisir un avocat et de déposer plainte devant les juridictions compétentes. Cette agression intervient après plusieurs mois d’alertes documentées: plus tôt en 2026, l’IRA avait signalé des menaces de mort et d’autres actes d’intimidation visant M. Dah Abeid, tandis que des organisations internationales, notamment le Centre Raoul Wallenberg pour les droits de la personne, avaient publiquement averti que ces menaces faisaient peser un risque grave sur un député élu. L’IRA considère cette attaque et ses conséquences comme une nouvelle escalade de la répression visant l’opposition politique et les défenseurs des droits humains, en violation des droits à la liberté de réunion pacifique, à l’intégrité physique et à un procès public.

L’UNPO condamne dans les termes les plus fermes le recours brutal à la force contre des manifestants pacifiques, un député élu et son épouse. L’organisation appelle les autorités mauritaniennes à veiller à ce que toutes les personnes blessées reçoivent sans délai des soins médicaux appropriés et à ce que leur intégrité physique soit pleinement garantie; à ouvrir sans délai une enquête indépendante, impartiale et approfondie sur cette agression, notamment afin d’identifier la substance utilisée et d’examiner la conduite des agents impliqués, et à traduire les responsables en justice; ainsi qu’à garantir le respect des droits à la liberté de réunion pacifique, à l’intégrité physique et à la publicité des procédures judiciaires. L’UNPO appelle en outre les organisations nationales et internationales de défense des droits humains à suivre de près l’évolution de la situation et à envisager le déploiement de missions d’établissement des faits, conformément à la demande formulée par l’IRA.

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