Iraq: Kirkuk Referendum May Be Pushed Back
The referendum to decide the future of
Below are extracts from an article by Sumheda Senanayake for Radio Free Europe/Radio
Since the ratification of the Iraqi Constitution in 2005,
Article 140 calls for a three-step process, starting with "normalization," which aims to reverse the Arabization policies of the former regime, when thousands of Kurds and non-Arabs were driven from
The Kurds have stood firm in their desire to see Article 140 implemented and hope that
However, there are clear indications that the referendum may not take place as previously planned. The Firat news agency reported on September 10 that the Kurdish Alliance had agreed to postpone the referendum until May 2008. The alliance, which unites the two most powerful Kurdish parties, was clear to stress that the postponement was due entirely to technical reasons and not political pressure exerted by opponents of Article 140.
Signs Point To Delay
Rumors of a delay have been circulating for weeks. On August 16 [2007], U.S. Ambassador to Iraq Ryan Crocker said it seemed highly improbable that the referendum would take place by the end of the year, citing the lack of preparation, sectarian wrangling, and missed deadlines.
The original timetable called for the census to be conducted by the end of July [2007], but the normalization process is far from complete. In fact, the normalization process continues to be bogged down by technical problems and internal bickering. The Iraqi government on August 2 [2007] appointed Ra'id Fahmi as the new chairman of the committee charged with carrying out the implementation of Article 140, after the former chairman, Hashim al-Shabali, resigned.
The committee continues to wrestle with the sensitive issue of how to implement the normalization process, which inevitably involves removing Arab setters who were brought in during Saddam Hussein's Arabization program. While the committee has steadfastly denied that Arabs would be forcibly relocated, it adopted a controversial plan in early February [2007] to entice Arab families to voluntarily leave
However, some critics of the plan describe it as tantamount to gerrymandering ahead of the referendum, while others call it another form of forced migration. The Sunni-led Muslim Scholars Association issued a statement on September 11 [2007] warning that the plan would harm the integrity of
Finally, there is the specter of violence among the Kurds, Turkomans, and Arabs who all have a stake in
Oil Deal Sends A Message
Considering the circumstances, the Kurdish regional government (KRG) may have had no choice but to acknowledge that a postponement of the referendum was inevitable. However, the anticipated postponement of the referendum may have emboldened the KRG to sign a production-sharing contract on September 8 [2007] with the U.S.-based Hunt Oil Company and Impulse Energy Corporation to conduct petroleum exploration in northern
The deal was roundly denounced by Iraqi Oil Minister Husayn al-Shahristani, who described it as illegal, since it was not approved by the central government in
The new oil contracts were certain to roil the
Indeed, the postponement of the