Ahwazi: Dossier of Human Rights violations and abuses by the Iranian Government against the indigeno
The following is a dossier of Human Rights violations and abuses by the Iranian
Government against the indigenous Ahwazi Arabs in Iran:
1. Iranian national policy is based on forced assimilation and integration.
This policy is set on the elimination and eradication of the national identity
of indigenous Ahwazi Arabs.
Attached, please see a memorandum from the Headquarters of the Central Command
of the Iranian Armed Forces, and the Iranian chief of Intelligence and Operation,
Brigadier General Gholamali Rasheed to Dr. Kalantari, ministry of agriculture
stating the said official policy. According to the memo, “changing the
mix and composition of Arab population of Khuzestan Province to relocate and
induce a permanent presence of Farsi (Persian) speaking people from northern
and northeastern parts of the Province to take and facilitate taking the land”
of Ahwazi Arab indigenous people and building colonial type resettlement to
de-populate and force them out of their homes and lands.
The Islamic Republic government continues the forced resettlement policy against
the Ahwazi Arab population by providing economic incentives and enticements
to re-settle non- Arab population on the expropriated Arab farmlands. This
policy is intended to dilute and change the composition of the towns and villages
of Khuzestan, hence making Persian the dominating culture through conquest,
occupation and settlement.
Please see (http://ahwazstudies.org/english/LandResettlement.htm) for original
document.
2. Banning the exercise of Arab culture, language, and customs. Forced assimilation
and imposition of Persian language and culture on the indigenous Ahwazi Arabs.
3. No part of the oil revenue- none- has been allocated to our area or to
our people.
4. Imprisonment of thousands (partial list attached) of Ahwazi Arab political
and human rights activist who demand restoration of their human rights, including
education in mother tongue, on the charges of "separatist”, “secessionist”
or called “stooges of foreign countries” or “danger to territorial
integrity”.
Late last year, the Khuzestan branch of the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary
Court has issued a two-year prison sentence against Mr. Kazem Mojadam, member
of the central committee of the Islamic Wafagh Party. Mr. Mojadam is charged
with “Attempt against Internal Security, Secession and Establishment
of an Independent Arab Country [in Khuzestan-Ahwaz]”. (Please see original
court document in Farsi).
http://ahwazstudies.org/english/KazemMojaddam%20Appeal.htm .
Mr. Mojadam was arrested and detained in June of 2003. During his detention,
he was subjected to severe physical and psychological torture. He was released
on a heavy bond and a written assurance not to engage in any political or
cultural activity. This is in spite of the fact that the Islamic Wafagh Party
is an open legal party, registered and chartered by the Iranian government,
permitted to engage in political activities in accordance with the constitution
of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Such accusations of “separatism” by Iran’s Revolutionary
Courts are commonly used against indigenous Ahwazi Arabs, as well as other
ethnic groups such as the Azeri Turks, the Kurds, Baloch and Turkmen; and
other ethnic and religious minorities in Iran.
The present Iranian regime, and previous ones, have used similar baseless
charges to sentence, indict, execute exile or detain thousands of Ahwazi Arab
political activists. Some have been in prison for decades for similar charges
(Please see attached list of 98 Ahwazi Arab political prisoners).
Mine removal:
5. According to the Human Rights Watch 2003 LANDMINE MONITOR Report “
Millions of Land mines remaining from the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988) in the
province of Khuzestan,
kill and maim Arab inhabitants of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran every day,
especially shepherds and children……” H.R.Watch Monitor Reports
says “Khuzestan is the most (landmine) infested area” in Iran
according to Colonel Amir Mohamadi, Iranian ground forces second-in command.
The UN donor nations contributed $1.7 billion to Mine Action from 1992-2002
for the elimination of land mines through UNDP. Iran received some of this
donation, although it is not a signatory to UN Land Mine Treaty. There is
no evidence that any of the donated money has been used to de-mine Arab areas.
The Iranian government deliberately ignores the land-mine problem as it helps
its policy of forcing Arabs from their homes and lands.
6. While the illiteracy rate among the general non-Arab population in Iran
is about 20%, this rate among Arab men in Khuzestan is over 60 and among Arab
women is even higher. For example, the number of Arab university students
in the University of Chamran in Ahwaz, the provincial capital of Arab Khuzestan,
is 2,000 students out of 30,000 , or less than 7%, in an area where over70%
are Arabs.
7. The Arab-populated border cities destroyed during the Iran-Iraq war have
largely remained untouched. “Only 10-20 % of war damaged Arab towns
have been rebuilt” according to Khuzestan deputies in the Majlis.
8. The regime erected dams and diverted the water of Karoon river to non-Arab
areas, and it is currently building a pipeline to sell the waters of Karkhe
river that passes through indigenous Arab areas of Howizeh and Boustan, to
Kuwait- and other Gulf countries- while Khuzestan severely suffers from shortage
of drinking waters. The massive water required to inject into the planned
75 oil wells, will only exacerbate the problem.
9. The regime does not permit any genuine Arabic newspapers and media in Khuzestan,
while it issued 17 Farsi newspapers to the Persian minority in the province.
10. Political sidelining and disallowing political participation in decision
making and self-governance. Now, as in the previous regime, governor-general
of Khuzestan, all other province’s political, military and security
commanders and officers, mayors and all high and mid-level government officials
of Khuzestan have consistently been appointed from non-Arabs outside of the
native Arab population.
11. The Iranian government authorities in the Khuzestan refuse to register
and issue birth identity cards to Arab newborn-babies, who do not assume Persian
or religious names. Names such as Abdolnasser, Nadia, Qosi, Fowzi, Hatem,
Yasser, Ghafel, Taregh, Khaled, Walid, Osman, Omar. Mezban Etc. are banned.
12. Names of cities, towns, villages, rivers and other geographical landmarks
were changed from Arabic to Persian during this and the previous Pahalavi
regimes. Some of the de-Arabized cities, towns and villages are as follow:
Mohammara to Khoramshar, Khafajieh to Susangard, Howizeh to Azedegan, Ma’shur
to Mah-Shahr, Fallahieh to Shadegan, Ghosbeh to Arvandkenar, Sied Jari to
Aghajeri, Khalfabad to Ramshir, Ras-Almina to Sarbandar, Khormousa, to Bandar
Shahpour, Salehabad to Andimeshk, Salbookh to Minoo…... Yet, all these
Arabic names can be seen in the Quajar, Afsharaid, Zandieh, Safavid and earlier
ruling dynasties spanning many centuries. Use of these homegrown historical
names is considered separatist by Tehran. The Khuzestan Governorship has created
a special office to identify names of places, cities, villages with remaining
Arab names in Khuzestan for change and conversion to non-Arabic or Persian
names.
13. Destruction of historical buildings that reference historical identity
and attest to Arabic past of Khuzestan.( http://ahwazstudies.org/english/DevandNatin%5BYA%5D.htm)
14. A systematic campaign of hatreds and misrepresentation of indigenous Arabs
in the media in Iran in every sphere, political, cultural, and in literature.
This regime, like the previous one in Iran, prevents any public mention of
the Ahwazi Arab indigenous minority population. It has imposed a silence and
news blockades in the national and international media against the existence
of Arabs in Iran. Moreover, the regime negates and assaults indigenous Ahwazi
cultural identity by calling them gypsies…. In 2000 a government-inspired
article calling Ahwazi gypsies triggered a massive riot in Ahwaz resulting
in several deaths.
15. Iranian government in the past two years has intensified its campaign
of repression against Arab freedom fighters, human rights and political activists
and students in Khuzestan. It has executed many and imprisoned thousands of
Arabs. During the past six months, security forces arrested and imprisoned
members of “Islamic Wafagh Party” in the provincial city of Ahwaz,
and arrested members of the “Arab House” in Tehran. Although “Islamic
Wafagh” is a legal grassroots party officially registered in Iran. “Arab
House” is also a legal social-cultural club and a gathering place for
Ahwazi and Khuzestani Arabs living in Tehran.
16. Banning and disallowing education and study in the mother tongue, knowing
that language is the vehicle of culture and identity.
17. Disallowing participation and sharing of economic wealth and resources.
The Iranian government does not allocate any of the oil revenues toward the
development and progress in al-Ahwaz (Khuzestan).
18. Government refusal to approve requests to formation of civil society elements
in Khuzestan such as labor unions, formation of Arab political and cultural
centers.
19. Lack of safeguarding of the area ecology and decontamination of the drinking
water poisoned by run-offs from the “Sugar Cane” project.
20. The regime stubbornly disallows presence of international lawyers in political
trials against our people especially those charged with so called separatism,
despite our repeated requests.
21. Mass exile and deportation of Ahwazis from their lands for drillings wells
in the Howizeh (Azedegan). Confiscation of their land and building new settlements.
22. Cultural inequalities. While the regime tolerates some artistic exhibits
of other non-Persian ethnic group, it has not afforded the same to Ahwazi
Arabs.
23. Banning of Arab dress and costume in official places, schools, government
centers, dresses such as Dishdashe, Aeghal, for men and for women.
24. Denial of their Ahwazi Arabic and Semitic origin by mockingly and calling
them Arab-Speaking Arians… etc. Mocking indigenous culture as inferior,
stating the anti-Arab and anti-Semite slogans such as, “superiority
of Arian Race”, “only Aryan Blood” and similar fascist propaganda.
Some of these appear on government sponsored and financed web sites such http://www.baztab.com/
and others.
25. Official and un-official banning of Arabs entry into, and employment,
in high government offices. In the past 80 years, no prime minister, deputy
ministers, no provincial governor,
no head of judiciary and no ambassadors were Arabs. Percentage of Arab employed
in government institutions and or organizations have absolutely no relation
to their share in national population.
26. While the allocation to the parliament is a deputy per 240,000, for Arab-populated
areas it is about 4 times that, or one deputy per one million. Only two to
five deputies have ever been allowed in the parliament (Majlis), considering
the Arabs are at least 7% of the population. Accordingly, 19 deputies must
be allowed, according to the constitution.
27. Historically, Arabistan has been the world second largest grower and exporter
of dates, after Iraq. Date production has plummeted to near zero due to destruction
of tens of thousand of hectares of date plantations during the Iran-Iraq war.
Ahwazi Arab farmers were not allowed by the regime to replant the date groves
along the Shat-el-Arab.
28. Falling water level in Karoon River due to government water mismanagement,
upstream damming and water diversion to non-Arab areas. This created an ecological
disaster and caused thousands of herds of water buffalos, which in some areas,
is the only means of Arab tribe subsistence, to die.
29. Unusually high unemployment. In Khuzestan while some non-Arab urban areas
such as city of Dizful, have 7-8% unemployment, in Arab-populated urban areas
it is over 50%. Marginalized Arabs live in a maze of huts and shacks in major
cities. In the provincial city of Ahwaz, millions of Ahwazis live in the shanty
towns of: Shekarabad, Shilingabad, Akhar-e-Esfalt, Zirgan, Pich-e-Kazami,
Ameri, Kut-e-Abdollah, Hasirabad….these areas lack most of the everyday
necessities such as plumbing, electricity, telephone, paved and lighted streets,
public transport, sewer, schools, clinics, hospitals, shops, parks, reminiscent
of similar places in South Africa during Apartheid.
30. Restrictions of foreign journalists which are allowed to visit anywhere
in Iran except Khuzestan (according to correspondent of Al-jazeera TV and
other foreign correspondents in Iran).
31. Distorting Ahwazi Arabs images in literature. About 90 % of contemporary
Iranian writers and historians follow the government anti-Arab racism, such
as Sadegh Hedayat, Said Nafisi, Poordawood, Shafaei-Kadkani, Chubak, Akhwane-Sales,
Nader pour…. (Images of Arabs in Modern Persian Literature, University
of Maryland 1997). For example, in 1985 an uprising broke out in the Ahwaz
area in protest of an article in one of the Iranian newspapers that had offensive
material against indigenous Ahwazi Arabs resulting in death of many peaceful
demonstrators.
32. Forced assimilation resulted in nearly one million Arab children and adults
to lose their ability to speak their mother tongue.
33. While for Iranian New Year (Now-Rooz) the government holds a 15-day holiday,
for Eide-Fetr, the religious and national holiday of Arabs and Sunnis have
given only one day for celebrations.
34. Denials of indigenous Arabs of having radio or TV stations and publish
newspapers, magazines or books in their mother language. While Khuzestan has
17 Persian newspapers and magazines, there are none in Arabic. Although over
30 requests have been submitted to the ministry of Education and Islamic Guidance.
35. Unbalanced development…Although Khoramshar which was Iran’s
largest port before the Iran-Iraq war and employed nearly 25,000 people, it
has been abandoned in favor of less desirable ports on the Gulf,, thus depriving
the indigenous Arabs from jobs in their homeland.
36. Residents of war torn Arab cities of Khafajieh , Falahieh (Shadegan) and
Susangard suffer from unusually high rate of skin, heart and kidney disease
due to continued storage and use of chemical and biological materials and
other related pollutants remaining from the war. The government has not taken
any action to remedy the situation.
37. In 1979, during a demonstration in the port city of Mohamara (Khuramshar),
the governor general of Khuzestan, Admiral Madani, ordered the killing of
316 and wounding over 800 demonstrators. Still 30 persons are missing. These
were all indigenous Ahwazi Arabs. This widespread repression also caused fleeing
of over 21,000 across the boarder to Iraq, in addition to arrests, exile and
eventual murder of Ayatollah Al-Shobir El Khaghani, Ahwazi Arabs religious
leader, in 1980.
38. In 1994, a bloody confrontation took place between Iranian security forces
and the Ahwazi farmers in the township of Dar-Khowin and surrounding villages,
whose lands had been confiscated for the use in the “Sugar Cane”
project. Many peasant landowners were killed.
39. During February 2000, “Iranian security forces fired at indigenous
Arab demonstrators protesting against ballot rigging and forgery of the results
of the parliamentary election, killing eight and wounding more” According
to U.K Home Office’s Iran Information Policy Unit (http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/).
40. In the cities of (Shadegan) in July 2000, the Iranian Pasdaran killed
6 and injured 22 during an anti-government demonstration, according to witness,
family members and court Asylum documents, U.K Home Office.
41. In Shush on February 2001, three Arab political activists were executed,
according to family members.
42. In A’badan in August of 2002, during the so-called Drinking water
demonstration, 16 demonstrators were shot to death and over 30 were injured
(wire news services)
43. During 1998 and 2001, 82 Ahwazi Arabs were executed for political reasons,
according to their families, employers and court documents. All were indigenous
Ahwazi Arab ethnic minority fighting for greater autonomy and for peaceful
expression of their views.
44. In November 2003, over 500 Ahwazi Arab college professors and students
at the University of Ahwaz signed a letter of protest against Iranian officials
who insulted Ahwazi Arab women in Iranian media (BBC)
45. During the second week of November 2003, Ahwazi Arabs staged a sit-in
protest and a peaceful demonstration in front of the Khuzestan governorship
headquarters in the city of Ahwaz, opposing the discriminatory policies of
the government against Ahwazi Arabs. Especially, against racially offensive
remarks by Pary Mirbaik, the deputy governor of Khuzestan for women’s
affairs (ISNA, FP AP and other News Agency)
46. On 28 January 2002, Iranian government executed four Ahwazi Arab political
and human Rights activists: Abbas Al-Tawini 37, Hani Abadai 32, Hassan Al-Zorghani
34, and Berbas Sajirat 34, for defending the rights of indigenous Ahwazi Arab
farmers whose land have been confiscated. According to family members and
eye witnesses.
47. Indigenous Ahwazi Arab refugees are being subject to revenge killing by
the pro-Iranian armed militia groups (Badr Brigade), who have crossed into
Iraq after the collapse of Iraqi regime on April 9. The Ahwazi Arab refugees
have been expelled from their camps in the Al-Kut and Al-Amarah areas of southern
Iraq; their homes and businesses were looted and burned, Badr Brigade gunmen
and thugs, among them Iranian security forces (Pasdaran), have been seen summarily
executing Ahwazi Arab refugees. The Iranian government still refuses to allow
the Ahwazi Arab war refugees to return to their homes in Ahwaz, Abadan, Mohammara
(Khoramshar) and other cities. Over 35,000 refugees have been living in the
Southern Iraq since expulsion from Iran in the 1980s.
48. Thousands of other indigenous Ahwazi Arabs from the Howizeh marshes, also
referred to “Marsh Arabs”, have lost their land and fled to Iraq
after the Iranian Army drained Hor-el-Azim and Howizeh marshes in Southwestern
Iran.
49. Sugar Cane project. The project is considered illegitimate by Arabs, who
see the purpose of the project to be the unjustifiable confiscation of their
lands in order to replace them by non-Arab settlers so as to get rid of the
Arab population in the province. The Arabs affected by the resettlement project
refused to give up their land and resisted the plan. This in turn led to a
bloody confrontation between the Arabs and local authorities from 1994 to
1995. The result was the murder of many Arab landowners and forced seizure
of their lands, according to corroborated accounts from family members and
courts documents.
50. Iranian government’s insistence on refusing a fair payment for confiscated
Arab lands. Nearly 200,000 thousands hectares of land was forcefully expropriated
and 0ver 8,000 settlers were brought from non-Arab areas. Some 30,000 Arabs
fled the repression and persecution (http://tribun.com/1500/1519.pdf)
51. During 2003, there has been complete militarization of the province and
intensification of repressive practices against Arab Iranian activists in
the past year: According to Amnesty International Press Release in 2002, seventeen
Arab and Kurdish human rights activists have been sentenced to death. They
are still under risk of imminent execution. Moreover, five Arab Iranian men
were hanged in Ahwaz, Southwestern Iran, on January 27, 2003, for opposing
the government’s policy of Arab land seizure in the Khuzestan province.
Their names are as follows: Fadhill Muqaddam, Rahim Sawari, Amir Sa’idi,
Hashem Bawi and Abbas Sherhani.
52. Currently the Karoon prison in Ahwaz, which houses nearly 5000 prisoners,
is almost exclusively full of Arab political prisoners. Additionally, there
are Ahwazi prisoners in Susangard, in Khoramshar, Abadan, Mah-Shahr and in
Behbehan in addition to other detention centers in Tehran and other provinces.
53. Promotion and proliferation of drug addiction among Ahwazi youth by government
agents and security forces. Cost of opium and heroine is $.03 per dosage/package.
This extreme low cost of the drug is highly suspect as to direct involvement
of the regime.
54. On October 5, 2001, the Iranian government executed 7 Arab political activists
as reported by Al-Mashreg Al-Arabi.
55. In May 2002, a large demonstration took place in Khoramshar by the Arab
inhabitants wearing white shrouds, commemorating the city’s (Khoramshar)
massacre on May 29, 1979. Two persons, by the names of Hassan Khasraji and
Damak Khasraji were arrested and summarily executed by the Iranian para-military
security forces, according to family members and eye witnesses.
56. During 28 and 29 December 2002 there were uprisings in Ahwaz, in Khoramshar,
Ma’shur, Sayed Kareem and Koot Abdullah. which resulted in a confrontation
between the unarmed demonstrators and heavily armed Iranian paramilitary forces
with many arrest, injuries and a killing of a 10-year old boy by the name
of Sharif Bani-Tamim…
For more information please see: http://ahwazstudies.org/ or http://www.alahwaz.info/